The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 104, Issue 1 , Pages 58-65 , July 1999

Association between atopic sensitization and asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in Swedish adults: Pets, and not mites, are the most important allergens

Received 30 November 1998 ,Revised 22 February 1999 ,Accepted 23 February 1999.

References 

  1. Sears MR, Herbison GP, Holdaway MD, Hewitt CJ, Flannery EM. The relative risks of sensitivity to grass pollen, house dust mite and cat dander in the development of childhood asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 1989;19:419–424
  2. Peat JK, Salome CM, Woolcock AJ. Longitudinal changes in atopy during a 4-year period: relation to bronchial hyperresponsiveness and respiratory symptoms in a population sample of Australian schoolchildren. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;85:65–74
  3. Peat JK, Woolcock AJ. Sensitivity to common allergens: relation to respiratory symptoms and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in children from three different climatic areas of Australia. Clin Exp Allergy. 1991;21:573–581
  4. Peat JK, Tovey E, Mellis CM, Leeder SR, Woolcock AJ. Importance of house dust mite and Alternaria allergens in childhood asthma: an epidemiological study in two climatic regions of Australia. Clin Exp Allergy. 1993;23:812–820
  5. Sears MR, Burrows B, Flannery EM, Herbison GP, Holdaway MD, Silva PA. Atopy in childhood. I. Gender and allergen related risks for development of hay fever and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 1993;23:941–948
  6. Sears MR, Burrows B, Herbison GP, Holdaway MD, Flannery EM. Atopy in childhood. II. Relationship to airway responsiveness, hay fever and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 1993;23:949–956
  7. Kuer J, Friescher T, Meinert R, Barth R, Schraub S, Urbanek R, et al.  Sensitization to mite allergen is a risk factor for early and late onset of asthma and for persistence of asthmatic signs in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995;95:655–662
  8. Burrows B, Martinez FD, Halonen M, Barbee RA. Association of asthma with serum IgE levels and skin test reactivity to allergens. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:271–277
  9. Gergen PJ, Turkeltaub PC. The association of individual allergen reactivity with respiratory disease in a national sample: data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-80 (NHANES II). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992;90:579–588
  10. Sunyer J, Anto JM, Kogevinas M, Barcelo MA, Soriano JB, Tobias A, et al  Risk factors for asthma in young adults. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:2490–2494
  11. Cookson WOCM, De Klerk NH, Ryan GR, James AL, Musk AW. Relative risks of bronchial hyper-responsiveness associated with skin-prick test responses to common antigens in young adults. Clin Exp Allergy. 1991;21:473–479
  12. Boezen HM, Postma DS, Schouten JP, Kerstjens HAM, Rijcken B. PEF variability, bronchial responsiveness and their relation to allergy markers in a random population (20-70 Yr). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:30–35
  13. Soriano JB, Tobias A, Kogevinas M, Sunyer J, Saez M, Martinez-Moratalla J, et al  Atopy and nonspecific bronchial responsiveness: a population-based assessment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:1636–1640
  14. Murray AB, Ferguson AC, Morrison BJ. Sensitization to house dust in different climatic areas. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1985;76:108–112
  15. Plaschke P, Janson C, Norrman E, Björnsson E, Lundbäck B, Lindholm N, et al.  Skin prick test and specific IgE in adults from three different areas of Sweden. Allergy. 1996;51:461–472
  16. Burney P, Malmberg E, Chinn S, Jarvis D, Luczynska C, Lai E  on behalf of the ECRHS . The distribution of total and specific IgE in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;99:314–322
  17. European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Luxembourg: European Commission, Directorate-General XIII, Office for Official Publications; 1993; Publication no. L-2920
  18. Björnsson E, Plaschke P, Norrman E, Janson C, Lundbäck B, Rosenhall A, et al.  Symptoms related to asthma and chronic bronchitis in three areas of Sweden. Eur Respir J. 1994;7:2146–2153
  19. Burney PGJ, Chinn S. Developing a new questionnaire for measuring the prevalence and distribution of asthma. Chest. 1987;91(Suppl):79–83
  20. Burney PGJ, Laitinen LA, Perdrizet S, Huckauf H, Tattersfield AE, Chinn S, et al.  Validity and repeatability of the IUATLD (1984) bronchial symptoms questionnaire: an international comparison. Eur Respir J. 1989;2:940–945
  21. Janson C, Chinn S, Jarvis D, Burney P  on behalf of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey . Physician-diagnosed asthma and drug utilisation in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:1795–1802
  22. Belin L, Dreborg S, Einarsson R, Halvorsen I, Holgersson M, Lund B, et al.  Phazet—a new type of skin prick test. Calibration and stability. Allergy. 1985;40(Suppl 4):60–63
  23. Dreborg S, Backman A, Basomba A, Bousquet J, Dieges P, Malling H-J. Skin tests used in type I allergy testing. Position Paper. Allergy. 1989;44(Suppl 10):1–59
  24. Spitzauer S, Pandjaitan B, Mühl S, Ebner C, Kraft D, Valenta R, et al.  Major cat and dog allergens share IgE epitopes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99:100–106
  25. Bousquet J, Chanez P, Chanal I, Michel F-B. Comparison between RAST and Pharmacia CAP system: a new automated specific IgE assay. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;85:1039–1043
  26. Lee J. Odds ratio or relative risk for cross-sectional data. Int J Epidemiol. 1994;23:201–203
  27. Thompson ML, Myers JB, Kriebel D. Prevalence odds ratio or prevalence in te analysis of cross sectional data: What is to be done?. Occup Environ Med. 1998;55:272–277
  28. Ulrik CS. Factors associated with increased bronchial responsiveness in adolescents and young adults: the importance of adjustment for prechallenge FEV1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;97:761–767
  29. Altman DG. Practical statistics for medical research. London: Chapman & Hall; 1991;
  30. Ingram JM, Sporik R, Rose G, Honsinger R, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TA. Quantitative assessment of exposure to dog (Can f 1) and cat (Fel d 1) allergens: relation to sensitization and asthma among children living in Los Alamos, New Mexico. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995;96:449–456
  31. Lin RY, LaFrance J, Sauter D. Hypersensitivity to common indoor aeroallergens in asthmatic patients. Ann Allergy. 1993;71:33–39
  32. Augusto A, Litonjua A, Sparrow D, Weiss ST, O’Conner GT, Long AA, et al.  Sensitization to cat allergen is associated with asthma in older men and predicts new-onset airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:23–27
  33. Platts-Mills T, Sporik RB, Chapman MD, Heymann PW. The role of indoor allergens in asthma. Allergy. 1995;50(suppl 22):5–12
  34. Åberg N. Asthma and allergic rhinitis in Swedish conscripts. Clin Exp Allergy. 1989;19:59–63
  35. Åberg N, Engström I, Lindberg U. Allergic diseases in Swedish school children. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1989;78:246–252
  36. Åberg N, Hesselmar B, Aberg B, Eriksson B. Increase of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Swedish schoolchildren between 1979 and 1991. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995;25:815–819
  37. Environmental Health Report 1998. Stockholm: Department of Environmental Health, Karolinska Hospital; 1998; [in Swedish]
  38. Berge M, Munir AK, Dreborg S. Concentrations of cat (Fel d1), dog (Can f1) and mite (Der f1 and Der p1) allergens in the clothing and school environment of Swedish schoolchildren with and without pets at home. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1998;9:25–30
  39. Patchett K, Lewis S, Crane J, Fitzharris P. Cat allergen (Fel d 1) levels on school children’s clothing and in primary school classrooms in Wellington, New Zealand. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;100:755–759
  40. Munir AK, Einarsson R, Schou C, Dreborg SKG. Allergens in school dust I. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993;91:1067–1074
  41. Munir AK, Einarsson R, Dreborg SK. Mite (Der p I, Der f I), cat (Fel d I) and dog (Can f I) allergens in dust from Swedish day-care centres. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995;25:119–126
  42. Egmar AC, Emenius G, Almqvist C, Wickman M. Cat and dog allergen in mattresses and textile covered floors of homes which do or do not have pets, either in the past or currently. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1998;9:31–35
  43. Lindfors A, Wickman M, Hedlin G, Pershagen G, Rietz H, Nordvall SL. Indoor environmental risk factors in young asthmatics: a case-control study. Arch Dis Child. 1995;73:408–412
  44. Vanto T, Koivikko A. Dog hypersensitivity in asthmatic children. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1983;72:571–575
  45. Suoniemi I, Björksten F, Haahtela T. Dependence of immediate hypersensitivity in the adolescent period on factors encountered in infancy. Allergy. 1981;36:263–268
  46. Platts-Mills TAE. Mechanisms of bronchial reactivity: the role of immunoglobulin E. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145:44–47
  47. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey Group . Genes for asthma? An analysis of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1773–1780
  48. Torén K, Brisman J, Järvholm B. Asthma and asthma-like symptoms in adults assessed by questionnaires. Chest. 1993;104:600–608

 Supported by grants from the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation, the Swedish Association Against Asthma and Allergy, the Swedish Medical Research Council, the Associations Against Asthma and Allergy in Göteborg and Uppsala, the Herman Krefting Foundation, the Bror Hjerpstedt Foundation, and the County Councils of Göteborg and Uppsala.

☆☆ Reprint requests: Peter Plaschke, MD, Department of Medicine, Roskilde County Hospital, Køgevej 7-13, DK 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

 0091-6749/99 $8.00 + 0  1/1/98186

PII: S0091-6749(99)70114-4

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 104, Issue 1 , Pages 58-65 , July 1999