The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 123, Issue 6 , Pages 1335-1341 , June 2009

Adolescents and asthma: Why bother with our meds?

  • David R. Naimi, DO

      Affiliations

    • Division of Allergy and Immunology, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
  • ,
  • Tovia G. Freedman, DSW, LCSW

      Affiliations

    • Clinical and Research Consultant, Philadelphia, Pa
  • ,
  • Kenneth R. Ginsburg, MD, MS Ed

      Affiliations

    • Division of Adolescent Medicine, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
  • ,
  • Daniel Bogen, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
  • ,
  • Cynthia S. Rand, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
  • ,
  • Andrea J. Apter, MD, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Andrea J. Apter, MD, MSc, 829 Gates Building, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

Received 2 January 2009 ,Revised 3 February 2009 ,Accepted 3 February 2009.

References 

  1. Apter AJ, Boston R, George M, Norfleet A, Tenhave T, Coyne JC, et al. Modifiable barriers to adherence to inhaled steroids among adults with asthma: it's not just black and white. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:1219–1226
  2. Apter AJ, Reisine ST, Affleck G, Barrows E, ZuWallack RL. Adherence with twice-daily dosing of inhaled steroids. Socioeconomic and health-belief differences. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:1810–1817
  3. Rand CS. Patient and regimen-related factors that influence compliance with asthma therapy. Eur Respir Rev. 1998;8:270–274
  4. Rand CS. Measuring adherence with therapy for chronic diseases: implications for the treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:68D–74D
  5. Apter AJ, Joffe M, Weber A, George M, Norfleet AL, Cucchiara AJ, et al. Potentially modifiable predictors of adherence with inhaled steroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;109(suppl):S184
  6. Adams S, Pill R, Jones A. Medication, chronic illness and identity: the perspective of people with asthma. Soc Sci Med. 1997;45:189–201
  7. Haynes RB, Taylor DW, Sackett DL. Compliance in health care. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1979;
  8. Milgrom H, Bender B, Ackerson L, Bowry P, Smith B, Rand C. Noncompliance and treatment failure in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;98:1051–1057
  9. Birkhead G, Attaway NJ, Strunk RC, Townsend MC, Teutsch S. Investigation of a cluster of deaths of adolescents from asthma: evidence implicating inadequate treatment and poor patient adherence with medications. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989;84:484–491
  10. Bruzzese JM, Bonner S, Vincent EJ, Sheares BJ, Mellins RB, Levison MJ, et al. Asthma education: the adolescent experience. Patient Educ Couns. 2004;55:396–406
  11. Akinbami LJ. The state of childhood asthma, United States, 1980-2005. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics; 2006;
  12. Akinbami LJ, Rhodes JC, Lara M. Racial and ethnic differences in asthma diagnosis among children who wheeze. Pediatrics. 2005;115:1254–1260
  13. Moorman JE, Rudd RA, Johnson CA, King M, Minor P, Bailey C, et al. National surveillance for asthma—United States, 1980-2004. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2007;56:1–54
  14. Rand CS, Apter AJ. Mind the widening gap: have improvements in asthma care increased asthma disparities?. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122:319–321
  15. Gupta RS, Carrion-Carire V, Weiss KB. The widening black/white gap in asthma hospitalizations and mortality. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117:351–358
  16. Ginde AA, Espinola JA, Camargo CA. Improved trends but persistent racial disparities in emergency department visits for acute asthma, 1993-2005. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122:313–318
  17. Fiese BH, Everhart RS. Medical adherence and childhood chronic illness: family daily management skills and emotional climate as emerging contributors. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006;18:551–557
  18. Le TT, Bilderback A, Bender B, Wamboldt FS, Turner CF, Rand CS, et al. Do asthma medication beliefs mediate the relationship between minority status and adherence to therapy?. J Asthma. 2008;45:33–37
  19. McQuaid EL, Kopel SJ, Klein RB, Fritz GK. Medication adherence in pediatric asthma: reasoning, responsibility, and behavior. J Pediatr Psychol. 2003;28:323–333
  20. Kyngas HA. Compliance of adolescents with asthma. Nurs Health Sci. 1999;1:195–202
  21. Logan D, Zelikovsky N, Labay L, Spergel J. The Illness Management Survey: identifying adolescents' perceptions of barriers to adherence. J Pediatr Psychol. 2003;28:383–392
  22. Penza-Clyve SM, Mansell C, McQuaid EL. Why don't children take their asthma medications? A qualitative analysis of children's perspectives on adherence. J Asthma. 2004;41:189–197
  23. van Es SM, Kaptein AA, Bezemer PD, Nagelkerke AF, Colland VT, Bouter LM. Predicting adherence to prophylactic medication in adolescents with asthma: an application of the ASE-model. Patient Educ Couns. 2002;47:165–171
  24. van Es SM, le Coq EM, Brouwer AI, Mesters I, Nagelkerke AF, Colland VT. Adherence-related behavior in adolescents with asthma: results from focus group interviews. J Asthma. 1998;35:637–646
  25. Jonasson G, Carlsen KH, Sodal A, Jonasson C, Mowinckel P. Patient compliance in a clinical trial with inhaled budesonide in children with mild asthma. Eur Respir J. 1999;14:150–154
  26. Fiese BH, Wamboldt FS. Tales of pediatric asthma management: family-based strategies related to medical adherence and health care utilization. J Pediatr. 2003;143:457–462
  27. Gillibrand R, Stevenson J. The extended health belief model applied to the experience of diabetes in young people. Br J Health Psychol. 2006;11:155–169
  28. Eisen M, Zellman GL, McAlister AL. A Health Belief Model-Social Learning Theory approach to adolescents' fertility control: findings from a controlled field trial. Health Educ Q. 1992;19:249–262
  29. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. 4th edition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2008;
  30. Expert panel report 2: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda: Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 1997;Publication no. 97-4051
  31. Expert panel report: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Update on selected topics. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110(suppl):S141–S218
  32. Expert panel report 3 (EPR-3): guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma—summary report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(suppl):S94–S138
  33. Expert panel report 3: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma, full report 2007. Bethesda: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; 2007;
  34. Giacomini MK, Cook DJ. Users' guides to the medical literature: XXIII. Qualitative research in health care A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA. 2000;284:357–362
  35. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program expert panel report: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma—update on selected topics. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110(suppl):S141–S219
  36. Bogen D, Apter AJ. Adherence logger for a dry powder inhaler: a new device for medical adherence research. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114:863–868
  37. American FactFinder. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau; 2000;
  38. American Thoracic Society. Standardization of spirometry, 1994 update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152:1107–1136
  39. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, et al. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:948–968
  40. George M, Freedman TG, Norfleet AL, Feldman HI, Apter AJ. Qualitative research-enhanced understanding of patients' beliefs: results of focus groups with low-income, urban, African American adults with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:967–973
  41. Rand CS, Wise RA, Nides M, Simmons MS, Bleecker ER, Kusek JW, et al. Metered-dose inhaler adherence in a clinical trial. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146:1559–1564
  42. Bogen D, Apter AJ. An adherence logger for a dry-powder inhaler: a new device for medical adherence research. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114:863–868
  43. Bender B, Wamboldt FS, O'Connor SL, Rand C, Szefler S, Milgrom H, et al. Measurement of children's asthma medication adherence by self report, mother report, canister weight, and Doser CT. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000;85:416–421
  44. George M, Apter AJ. Gaining insight into patients' beliefs using qualitative research methodologies. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;4:185–189
  45. Krueger RA, Casey MA. Focus groups: a practical guide for applied research. 3rd ed.. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publisher; 2000;
  46. Power R. The application of qualitative research methods to the study of sexually transmitted infections. Sex Transm Infect. 2002;78:87–89
  47. Byrne M. Grounded theory as a qualitative research methodology. AORN J. 2001;73:1155–1156
  48. George M, Freedman TG, Norfleet AL, Feldman HI, Apter AJ. Qualitative research enhanced understanding of patients' beliefs: results of focus groups with low-income urban African American adults with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:967–973
  49. Rubinfeld AR, Pain MC. Perception of asthma. Lancet. 1976;1:882–884
  50. Bacharier LB, Strunk RC, Mauger D, White D, Lemanske RF, Sorkness CA. Classifying asthma severity in children: mismatch between symptoms, medication use, and lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:426–432
  51. Jenkins HA, Cherniack R, Szefler SJ, Covar R, Gelfand EW, Spahn JD. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of children and adults with severe asthma. Chest. 2003;124:1318–1324
  52. Horak E, Grassl G, Skladal D, Ulmer H. Lung function and symptom perception in children with asthma and their parents. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003;35:23–28
  53. Fuhlbrigge AL, Weiss ST, Kuntz KM, Paltiel AD. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage improves the classification of severity among children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e347–e355
  54. Sears MR, Greene JM, Willan AR, Wiecek EM, Taylor DR, Flannery EM, et al. A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed to adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1414–1422
  55. Ellis DA, Podolski CL, Frey M, Naar-King S, Wang B, Moltz K. The role of parental monitoring in adolescent health outcomes: impact on regimen adherence in youth with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol. 2007;32:907–917
  56. Onyirimba F, Apter AJ, Reisine ST, McCucsker C, Connors ML, ZuWallack RL. Direct clinician-to-patient feedback of inhaled steroid use: its effect on adherence and asthma outcome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;90:411–415
  57. van Es SM, Nagelkerke AF, Colland VT, Scholten RJ, Bouter LM. An intervention programme using the ASE-model aimed at enhancing adherence in adolescents with asthma. Patient Educ Couns. 2001;44:193–203

 D. R. Naimi is supported by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Sepracor Research Excellence Award and A. J. Apter is supported by grants HL070392 and HL088469.

 Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: D. R. Naimi received the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Sepracor Research Excellence Award. D. Bogen received grant support from the National Institutes of Health. C. S. Rand is on the advisory board for the Merck Foundation/HCAN and on the leadership council for Schering-Plough. A. J. Apter received grant support from the National Institutes of Health/National Heart Lung Blood Institute. The rest of the authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.

PII: S0091-6749(09)00345-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.022

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 123, Issue 6 , Pages 1335-1341 , June 2009