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Volume 123, Issue 3 , Pages 665-671.e6 , March 2009

Quantitative assessment of allergic shiners in children with allergic rhinitis

Chien-Han Chen, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Yu-Tsan Lin, MD, PhD
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Che-Yen Wen, PhD
- Department of Forensic Science, National Central Police University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Li-Chieh Wang, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Kuo-Hung Lin, MS
- Department of Polymer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
Shih-Hsuan Chiu, PhD
- Department of Polymer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
Yao-Hsu Yang, MD, PhD
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Jyh-Hong Lee, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Bor-Luen Chiang, MD, PhD
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Reprint requests: Bor-Luen Chiang, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Received 10 June 2008 ,Revised 9 December 2008 ,Accepted 15 December 2008.

Measurement of darkness of shiners. Darkness of shiners was measured by using the semiautomatic method (A and B) and the manual method (C and D). The gray-level mean values in the infraorbital groove

Measurement of darkness of shiners. Darkness of shiners was measured by using the semiautomatic method (A and B) and the manual method (C and D). The gray-level mean values in the infraorbital groove and cheek were computed in the upper and lower slanted triangle regions, respectively, in both of the 2 methods.
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Eyelid sampling and measurement of area values of shiners. The lower eyelid curve (A) was sketched with automatic downward extension of 242 pixels from the lowest point of the red curve to mark a boun

Eyelid sampling and measurement of area values of shiners. The lower eyelid curve (A) was sketched with automatic downward extension of 242 pixels from the lowest point of the red curve to mark a boundary. This region was examined with the entropy theorem, and a line of demarcation was plotted automatically to circumscribe the area of shiners (B).
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The effect of allergic rhinitis on the formation of allergic shiners. A, Dave, Average of darkness of shiners on the left and right sides. B, Aave, average of area values of body surface area on the l

The effect of allergic rhinitis on the formation of allergic shiners. A, D_ave, Average of darkness of shiners on the left and right sides. B, A_ave, average of area values of body surface area on the left and right sides.
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The thresholds of symptoms associated with enhanced darkness (A, B, E, and F) or increased sizes (C and D) of shiners on different visits. Dave, Average of darkness of shiners on the left and right si

The thresholds of symptoms associated with enhanced darkness (A, B, E, and F) or increased sizes (C and D) of shiners on different visits. D_ave, Average of darkness of shiners on the left and right sides; A_ave, average of area values of body surface area on the left and right sides; SGAE_1d, SGAE recorded on the day before visits; SGAE_1wk, SGAE summed from daily scores in the past week.
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The position of the color checker.

The position of the color checker.
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Correlations of shiners between 2 sides (A, B, and D) and between the semiautomatic and manual methods (C). DL, Darkness of shiners on the left side; DR, darkness of shiners on the right side; Dave, a

Correlations of shiners between 2 sides (A, B, and D) and between the semiautomatic and manual methods (C). D_L, Darkness of shiners on the left side; D_R, darkness of shiners on the right side; D_ave, average of darkness of shiners on the left and right sides; A_L, area value of shiners normalized by body surface area on the left side; A_R, area value of shiners normalized by body surface area on the right side.
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Reliabilities for measurement of darkness by using the semiautomatic method (A) and for measurement of area values (B) of shiners. Test 2 performed on the same digital photographs was carried out 2 ye

Reliabilities for measurement of darkness by using the semiautomatic method (A) and for measurement of area values (B) of shiners. Test 2 performed on the same digital photographs was carried out 2 years after test 1. D_ave, Average of darkness of shiners on the left and right sides; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; A_ave, average of area values of body surface area on the left and right sides.
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A and B, The thresholds between the control and allergic rhinitis groups at the first visit. PDF, Frequency count/numbers of all samples; AR, allergic rhinitis; NC, normal control.

A and B, The thresholds between the control and allergic rhinitis groups at the first visit. PDF, Frequency count/numbers of all samples; AR, allergic rhinitis; NC, normal control.
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