Protein kinase Cζ: A novel protective neonatal T-cell marker that can be upregulated by allergy prevention strategies

Neonatal PKC isozyme expression is shown relative to adult expression (as % of adult control samples). The levels are shown as the means and SEMs, and significance levels denote levels that are significantly different from the adult control (∗P < .05; ∗∗∗P < .001).

T-cell cytokine responses are shown at birth and 1 year of age comparing children with no egg allergen sensitization (open bars, 61 with cord blood samples and 18 with samples at 1 year) with egg-sensitized children (shaded bars, 9 with cord blood samples and 4 with samples at 1 year) at 2.5 year of age. Medians, interquartile ranges, and 95% CIs are shown.

Neonatal PKCζ expression is shown in relation to specific allergic outcomes (see Methods for definitions) measured at 1 year of age, comparing expression in affected (dark bars) and unaffected (light bars) children by using the Student t test (means and SEs). For variables based on SPT data. For variables based on SPT data, subjects who did not have SPT performed were excluded from the analyses. Significance levels are shown (∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01).

Neonatal PKCζ expression is shown in relation to specific allergic outcomes (see Methods for definitions) measured at 2.5 years of age, comparing expression in affected (dark bars) and unaffected (light bars) children by using the Student t test (means and SEs). For variables based on SPT data, subjects who did not have SPT performed were excluded from that analyses. Significance levels are shown (∗∗P < .01).

Neonatal PKC isozyme expression is shown in relation to fish oil supplementation, comparing expression in 31 children receiving fish oil (shaded bars) and 36 control group children (open bars) by using the Student t test. The results are presented as means and SEMs. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.