The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 119, Issue 2 , Pages 314-321 , February 2007

Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma

  • Nino Khetsuriani, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • ,
  • N. Neely Kazerouni, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Division of Environmental Hazard and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • ,
  • Dean D. Erdman, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • ,
  • Xiaoyan Lu, MS

      Affiliations

    • From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • ,
  • Stephen C. Redd, MD

      Affiliations

    • Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Division of Environmental Hazard and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • ,
  • Larry J. Anderson, MD

      Affiliations

    • From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • ,
  • W. Gerald Teague, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: W. Gerald Teague, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Pediatrics, 2015 Uppergate Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322.

Received 19 December 2005 ,Revised 9 August 2006 ,Accepted 15 August 2006.

References 

  1. Lambert HP, Stern H. Infective factors in exacerbations of bronchitis and asthma. BMJ. 1972;3:323–327
  2. Minor TE, Dick EC, DeMeo AN, Ouellette JJ, Cohen M, Reed CE. Viruses as precipitants of asthmatic attacks in children. JAMA. 1974;227:292–298
  3. Clarke CW. Relationship of bacterial and viral infections to asthma. Thorax. 1979;34:344–347
  4. Beasley R, Coleman ED, Hermon Y, Holst PE, O'Donnel TV, Tobias M. Viral respiratory tract infections and exacerbations of asthma. Thorax. 1988;43:679–683
  5. Pattemore PK, Johnston SL, Bardin BG. Viruses as precipitants of asthma symptoms. I. Epidemiology. Clin Exp Allergy. 1992;22:325–336
  6. Atmar RL, Guy E, Guntupalli KK, Zimmerman JL, Bandi VD, Baxter BD, et al. Respiratory tract viral infections in inner-city asthmatic adults. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2453–2459
  7. Johnston SL, Pattemore PK, Sanderson G, Smith S, Lampe F, Josephs L, et al. Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children. BMJ. 1995;310:1225–1238
  8. Rakes GP, Arrunda E, Ingram JM, Hoover GE, Zambrano JC, Hayden FG, et al. Rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in wheezing children requiring emergency care: IgE and eosinophil analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:785–790
  9. Rawlinson WD, Waliuzzaman Z, Carter IW, Belessis YC, Gilbert KM, Morton JR. Asthma exacerbations in children associated with rhinovirus and not human metapneumovirus infection. J Infect Dis. 2003;187:1314–1318
  10. Heymann PW, Carper HT, Murphy DD, Platts-Mills TA, Patrie J, McLaughlin AP, et al. Viral infections in relation to age, atopy and season of admission among children hospitalized for wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114:239–247
  11. Nicholson KG, Kent J, Ireland DC. Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults. BMJ. 1993;307:982–986
  12. Freymuth F, Vabret A, Brouard J, Toutain F, Verdon R, Petitjean J, et al. Detection of viral, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in exacerbations of asthma in children. J Clin Virol. 1999;13:131–139
  13. Heymann PW, Platts-Mills TA, Johnston SL. Role of viral infections, atopy and antiviral immunity in the etiology of wheezing exacerbations among children and young adults. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(suppl):S217–S222
  14. Oberste MS, Maher K, Schnurr D, Flemister MR, Lovchik JC, Peters H, et al. Enterovirus 68 is associated with respiratory illness and shares biological features with both the enteroviruses and the rhinoviruses. J Gen Virol. 2004;85:2577–2584
  15. Williams JV, Crowe JE, Enriquez R, Minton P, Peebles RS, Hamilton RG, et al. Human metapneumovirus infection plays etiologic role in acute asthma exacerbations requiring hospitalization in adults. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:1149–1153
  16. Williams JV, Tolefson SJ, Heymann PW, Carper HT, Patrie J, Crowe JE. Human metapneumovirus infection in children hospitalized for wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115:1131–1132
  17. Foulongne V, Rodiere M, Segondy M. Human bocavirus in children. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:862–863
  18. Ma X, Endo R, Ishiguro N, Ebihara T, Ishiko H, Ariga T, et al. Detection of human bocavirus in Japanese children with lower respiratory tract infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:1132–1134
  19. Johnston NW, Johnston SL, Norman GR, Dai J, Sears MR. The September epidemic of asthma hospitalization: school children as disease vectors. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117:557–562
  20. Hall CB, McCarthy CA. Respiratory syncytial virus. In:  Mandell GL,  Bennett JE,  Dolin R editor. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 5th ed.. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2000;p. 1782–1801
  21. Van den Hoogen BG, de Jong JC, Groen J, Kuiken T, de Groot R, Fouchier RA, et al. A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease. Nat Med. 2001;7:719–724
  22. Allander T, Tammi MT, Eriksson M, Bjerkner A, Tiveljung-Lindell A, Andersson B. Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:12891–12896
  23. Hayden FG, Herrington DT, Coats TL, Kim K, Cooper EC, Villano SA, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral pleconaril for treatment of colds due to picornaviruses in adults: results of 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:1523–1532
  24. Turner RB. New considerations in the treatment and prevention of rhinovirus infections. Pediatr Ann. 2005;34:53–57
  25. Weinberger M. Respiratory infections and asthma: current treatment strategies. Drug Discov Today. 2004;9:831–837
  26. Hankinson JL, Crapo RO, Jensen RL. Spirometric reference values for the 6-s FVC maneuver. Chest. 2003;124:1805–1811
  27. Erdman DD, Weinberg GA, Edwards KM, Walker FJ, Anderson BC, Winter J, et al. GeneScan reverse transcriptase-PCR assay for detection of six common respiratory viruses in young children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:4298–4303
  28. Schrag SJ, Brooks JT, Van Beneden C, Parashar UD, Griffin PM, Anderson LJ, et al. SARS surveillance during emergency public health response, United States, March-July 2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:185–194
  29. Van Elden LJ, van Loon AM, van Alphen F, Hendriksen KA, Hoepelman AI, van Kraaij MG, et al. Frequent detection of human coronaviruses in clinical specimens from patients with respiratory tract infection by use of a novel real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:652–657
  30. Lu X, Chittaganpitch M, Olsen SJ, Mackay IM, Sloots TP, Fry AM, et al. Real-time PCR assays for detection of bocavirus in human specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:3231–3235
  31. Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1959;22:719–748
  32. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. 2nd ed.. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2000;p. 133-4
  33. Johnston NW, Johnston SL, Duncan JM, Dai J, Sears MR. The September epidemic of asthma exacerbations in children: a search for etiology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115:132–138
  34. Papadopulos N, Papi A, Psarras S, Johnston SL. Mechanisms of rhinovirus-induced asthma. Pediatr Respir Rev. 2004;5:255–260
  35. Green RM, Custovic A, Sanderson G, Hunter J, Johnston SL, Woodcock A. Synergism between allergens and viruses and risk of hospital admission with asthma: case-control study. BMJ. 2002;324:763–766
  36. Wark PAB, Johnston SL, Bucchieri F, Powell R, Puddicombe S, Laza-Stanca V, et al. Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells have a deficient innate immune response to infection with rhinovirus. J Exp Med. 2005;201:937–947
  37. Corne JM, Marschal C, Smith S, Schreiber J, Sanderson G, Holgate ST, et al. Frequency, severity, and duration of rhinovirus infections in asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet. 2002;359:831–834
  38. Jartti T, Lehtinen P, Vuorinen T, Koskenvuo M, Ruuskanen O. Persistence of rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA after acute respiratory illness in children. J Med Virol. 2004;72:695–699
  39. Winter B, Hayden FG, Hendley JO. Picornavirus infections in children diagnosed by RT-PCR during longitudinal surveillance with weekly sampling: association with symptomatic illness and effect of season. J Med Virol. 2006;78:644–650
  40. Gern JE, Calhoun W, Swenson C, Shen G, Busse WW. Rhinovirus infection preferentially increases lower airway responsiveness in allergic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:1872–1876
  41. Zambrano JC, Carper HT, Rakes GP, Patrie J, Murphy DD, Platts-Mills TA, et al. Experimental rhinovirus challenges in adults with mild asthma: response to infection in relation to IgE. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:1008–1016
  42. De Kluijver J, Evertse CE, Sont JK, Schrumpf JA, van Zeijl-van der Ham CJ, Dick CR, et al. Are rhinovirus-induced airway responses in asthma aggravated by chronic allergen exposure?. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:1174–1180
  43. Harju TH, Leinonen M, Nokso-Koivisto J, Korhonen T, Raty R, He Q, et al. Non-random distribution of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in induced sputum or pharyngeal secretions of adults with stable asthma. Thorax. 2006;Epub ahead of print
  44. Bardin PG, Fraenkel DJ, Sanderson G, van Schalkwyk EM, Holgate ST, Johnston SL. Peak expiratory flow changes during experimental rhinovirus infection. Eur Respir J. 2000;16:980–985
  45. Venarske DL, Busse WW, Griffin MR, Gebretsadik T, Shintani AK, Minton PA, et al. The relationship of rhinovirus-associated asthma hospitalizations with inhaled corticosteroids and smoking. J Infect Dis. 2006;193:1536–1543
  46. Gwaltney JM. Rhinovirus. In:  Mandell GL,  Bennett JE,  Dolin R editor. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 5th ed.. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2000;p. 1940–1948
  47. Pelaia G, Vatrella A, Gallelli L, Renda T, Cazzola M, Maselli R, et al. Respiratory infections and asthma. Respir Med. 2006;100:775–784
  48. Hamelin ME, Boivien G. Human metapneumovirus: a ubiquitous and long-standing respiratory pathogen. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(suppl):S203–S207
  49. Carrat F, Leruez-Ville M, Tonnellier M, Baudel JL, Deshayes J, Meyer P, et al. A virologic survey of patients admitted to a critical care unit for acute cardiorespiratory failure. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32:156–159
  50. Griffin MR, Walker FJ, Iwane MK, Weinberg GA, Staat MA, Erdman DD, et al. Epidemiology of respiratory infections in young children: insights from the new vaccine surveillance network. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(suppl):S188–S192

 Part of this study was presented and published in abstract form at the 2004 meeting of the American Thoracic Society in Orlando, Florida, and was supported by the National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Contract 200-1998-00103.Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: W. G. Teague is on the speakers' bureau for Merck and Co. N. N. Kazerouni has received grant support from the National Center for Environmental Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The rest of the authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

PII: S0091-6749(06)02129-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.041

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 119, Issue 2 , Pages 314-321 , February 2007