« Previous
Next »
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 117, Issue 1
, Pages 3-16
, January 2006
Is there a problem with inhaled long-acting β-adrenergic agonists?
References
- . Association between asthma mortality and isoproterenol aerosols: a review. Prev Med. 1978;7:519–538
- . End of the New Zealand asthma mortality epidemic. Lancet. 1995;345:41–44
- The use of β-agonists and the risk of death and near death from asthma. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:501–506
- A cohort analysis of excess mortality in asthma and the use of inhaled β-agonists. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149:604–610
- . Patterns of increasing beta-agonist use and the risk of fatal or near-fatal asthma. Eur Respir J. 1994;7:1602–1609
- . Confounding by indication and channeling over time: the risks of beta2-agonists. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144:1161–1169
- . Risk of severe life threatening asthma and beta agonist type: an example of confounding by severity. Thorax. 1996;51:1093–1099
- . Major reduction in asthma morbidity and continued reduction in asthma mortality in New Zealand; what lessons have been learned?. Thorax. 1995;50:303–311
- regular inhaled B-agonist treatment in bronchial asthma. Lancet. 1990;336:1391–1396
- Comparison of regularly scheduled with as-needed use of albuterol in mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:841–847
- Regular inhaled salbutamol and asthma control: the TRUST randomized trial. Lancet. 2000;355:1675–1679
- A comparison of salmeterol with albuterol in the treatment of mild-to-moderate asthma. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1420–1425
- . Salmeterol xinafoate as maintenance therapy compared with albuterol in patients with asthma. JAMA. 1994;2171:1412–1416
- . Tachyphylaxis to systemic but not to airway responses during prolonged therapy with high dose inhaled salbutamol in asthmatics. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989;140:586–592
- . Aerosolized terbutaline in asthmatic development of subsensitivity with log-term administration. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1982;70:417–422
- Assessment of tachyphylaxis following prolonged therapy of asthma with inhaled albuterol aerosol. Chest. 1984;85:34–38
- . Subsensitivity to the bronchodilator action of albuterol produced by chronic administration. Am Rev Respire Dis. 1977;116:871–878
- . Bronchodilator tolerance and rebound bronchoconstriction during regular inhaled beta-agonist treatment. Respir Med. 2000;94:767–771
- . Asthma control during and after cessation of regular beta2-agonist treatment. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148:707–712
- . Rebound increase in bronchial responsiveness after treatment with inhaled terbutaline. Lancet. 1988;1:554–558
- . Increased bronchial responsiveness after inhaling salbutamol during 1 year is not caused by subsensitization to salbutamol. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;86:793–800
- . Is the increase in bronchial responsiveness or FEV1 shortly after cessation of beta2-agonist reflecting a real deterioration of the disease in allergic asthmatics patients? A comparison between short-acting and long-acting beta2-agonists. Respir Med. 2002;96:155–162
- . The effect of regular inhaled albuterol on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153:65–69
- . Regular inhaled salbutamol and airway responsiveness to allergen. Lancet. 1993;342:833–837
- . Regular use of inhaled albuterol and the allergen-induced late asthmatic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995;96:44–49
- . Effect of regular inhaled albuterol on allergen-induced late responses and sputum eosinophils in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1738–1745
- . Interaction of inhaled β2 agonist and inhaled corticosteroid on airway responsiveness to allergen and methacholine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152:1485–1489
- . Salbutamol-induced increased airways responsiveness to allergen and reduced protection versus methacholine: dose response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;97:47–52
- . The risk of myocardial infarction associated with inhaled beta-adrenoceptor agonists. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:827–830
- . Inhaled short acting beta-agonist use in COPD and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Thorax. 2003;58:43–46
- . Bronchodilators and acute cardiac death. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:1598–1602
- . Association between chronic heart failure and inhaled B2-adrenoceptor agonists. Am Heart J. 2004;148:915–920
- Terbutaline-induced desensitization of human cardiac B2-adrenocepro-mediated positive inotropic effects, attenuation by ketotifen. Cardiovasc Res. 1998;40:211–222
- . Asthma, B-agonists and development of Congestive heart failure: results of the ABCHF study. J Card Fail. 2002;8:232–238
- Asthma control during long-term treatment with regular inhaled salbutamol and salmeterol. Thorax. 1998;53:748–752
- The effect of polymorphisms of the b2 adrerngic receptor on the response to regular use of albuterol in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162:75–80
- Use of regularly scheduled albuterol treatment in asthma: genotype-stratified, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Lancet. 2004;364:1505–1512
- . Asthma exacerbations during long term β agonist use: influence of β2 adrenoceptor polymorphism. Thorax. 2000;55:762–767
- The pharmacology of salmeterol. Life Sci. 1993;52:2131–2143
- . Formoterol: pharmacology, molecular basis of agonism, and mechanism of long duration of a highly potent and selective β2 adrenoceptor agonist bronchodilator. Life Sci. 1993;52:2145–2160
- . Sustained bronchoprotection, bronchodilation, and symptom control during regular formoterol use in asthma of moderate or greater severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103:427–434
- A randomized, 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing formoterol dry powder inhaler with albuterol metered-dose inhaler. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001;86:19–27
- . Meta-analysis of increased dose of inhaled steroid or addition of salmeterol in symptomatic asthma (MIASMA). BMJ. 2000;320:1368–1373
- Low dose inhaled budesonide and formoterol in mild persistent asthma: the OPTIMA randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:1192–1197
- . Enhanced synergy between fluticasone propionate and salmeterol inhaled from a single inhaler versus separate inhalers. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;112:29–36
- . Improved refill persistence with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in a single inhaler compared with other controller therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:245–251
- Can guideline-define asthma control be achieved? The gaining optimal asthma control study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:836–844
- Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET). N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1405–1411
- Sustained bronchoprotection, bronchodilation and symptom control during regular formoterol use in asthma of moderate or greater severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103:427–435
- randomized, 12-week, double-blind placebo-controlled study comparing formoterol dry powder inhaler with albuterol metered-dose inhaler. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001;86:19–27
- . Subsensitivity of bronchodilator and systemic beta-2 adrenoceptor responses after regular twice-daily treatment with eformoterol dry powder in asthmatic patients. Thorax. 1995;50:475–504
- . A twelve month comparison of salmeterol with salbutamol in asthmatic patients. Eur Respir J. 1992;5:1062–1067
- . Decreased bronchodilating effect of salbutamol in relieving methacholine induced moderate to severe bronchoconstriction during high dose treatment with long acting β2 agonists. Thorax. 2001;56:529–535
- . Reversing acute bronchoconstriction in asthma: the effect of bronchodilator tolerance after treatment with formoterol. Eur Respir J. 2001;17:368–373
- . Rapid onset of tolerance to beta-agonist bronchodilation. Respir Med. 2005;99:566–571
- . Bronchodilator subsensitivity to salbutamol after twice daily salmeterol in asthmatic patients. Lancet. 1995;348:201–206
- . lack of subsensitivity to albuterol after treatment with salmeterol in patients with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:1556–1561
- . Bronchodilator response to salbutamol after chronic dosing with salmeterol or placebo. Eur Respir J. 1998;11:1081–1085
- . Salmeterol does not compromise the bronchodilator response to albuterol during acute episodes of asthma. Am J Med. 1999;107:209–213
- . In haled salmeterol and salbutamol in asthmatic patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142:571–575
- . Regular formoterol treatment in mild asthma: effect on bronchial responsiveness during and after treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152:1170–1174
- . Changes in methacholine induced bronchoconstriction with the long acting β2 agonist salmeterol in mild to moderate asthmatic patients. Thorax. 1993;48:1121–1124
- . Effect of salmeterol on allergen-induced airway inflammation in mild allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001;31:430–437
- . long-term effects of a long-acting β2 adrenoceptor agonist, salmeterol, on airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1196–1203
- . Inhaled corticosteroids do not prevent the development of tolerance to the bronchoprotective effect of salmeterol. Chest. 1996;109:953–956
- . Reduce protection against exercise induced bronchoconstriction after chronic dosing with salmeterol. Respir Med. 1994;88:363–368
- . Tachyphylaxis following regular use of formoterol in exercise-induced bronchospasm. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2001;11:176–182
- . Tolerance to the bronchoprotective effects of salmeterol in adolescent with exercise-induced asthma using concurrent inhaled glucocorticoid treatment. Pediatrics. 1997;99:655–659
- Oral montelukast compared with inhaled salmeterol to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:97–104
- . The extrapulmonary effects of increasing doses of formoterol in patients with asthma. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;54:141–147
- . Cardiovascular safety of salmeterol in COPD. Chest. 2003;123:1817–1824
- . Risk of non-fatal cardiac failure and ischemic heart disease with long-acting beta2 agonists. Thorax. 1998;53:558–572
- Dorinsky PM, Yancey S, Baitinger L, Edwards L, Sutton L, Klotsman M, et al. Salmeterol response is not effected by beta2-adrenergic receptor genotype in patients with persistent asthma. Chest 204;126(suppl):722S.
- . Rates of asthma exacerbations are not effected by beta2-adrenergic receptor genotype in patients with persistent asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115(suppl 1):S6
- . The effect of salmeterol on nocturnal symptoms, airway function and inflammation in asthma. Chest. 1997;111:1249–1254
- The long-acting beta2-agonist salmeterol xinafoate: effects on airway inflammation in asthma. Eur Respir J. 1999;14:275–282
- Effect of a long-acting β2 agonist over three months on airway wall vascular remodeling in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:117–121
- The effect of regular inhaled formoterol, budesonide, and placebo on mucosal inflammation and clinical indices in mild asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:79–86
- . Effects of salmeterol on mucosal inflammation in asthma: a placebo-controlled study. Eur Respir J. 2002;20:1378–1385
- . A long-term study of the anti-inflammatory effect of low-dose budesonide plus formoterol versus high-dose budesonide in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:996–1001
- An anti-inflammatory effect of salmeterol, a long-acting beta2 agonist, assessed in airway biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160:1493–1499
- Effect of inhaled fluticasone with and without salmeterol on airway inflammation in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;112:72–78
- . Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma: update on selected topics 2002. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110(suppl):S141–S219
- Long-acting B2-agonist monotherapy vs continued therapy with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with persistent asthma: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285:2583–2593
- . A comparison of beclomethasone, salmeterol and placebo in children with asthma. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1659–1665
- . One year treatment with salmeterol. Compared with beclomethasone in children with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:688–695
- . Potential masking effects of salmeterol on airway inflammation in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:924–930
- A comparison of asthma deaths and near-fatal asthma attack in South Australia. Eur Respir J. 1994;7:490–497
- . Addition of salmeterol to low-dose fluticasone versus higher-dose fluticasone: an analysis of asthma exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107:783–789
- Synergistic effects of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol on in vitro T-cell activation and apoptosis in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114:1216–1223
- Glucocorticoids induce beta2-adrenergic receptor function in human nasal mucosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:704–710
- Ligand-independent activation of glucocorticoid receptor by beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists in primary human lung fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:1005–1010
- . Paradoxical bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients after salmeterol by metered dose inhaled. BJM. 1992;305:931–932
- . Respiratory arrests in young asthmatics on salmeterol. Respir Med. 1993;87:227–228
- . Risks of salmeterol. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1314
- . Salmeterol: a study by prescription-event monitoring in a UK cohort of 15,407 patients. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49:247–250
- Case-control study of salmeterol and near-fatal attacks of asthma. Thorax. 1998;53:7–13
- . Risk of emergency care, hospitalization, and ICU stays for acute asthma among recipients of salmeterol. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:857–861
- . Drug use and pulmonary death rates in increasingly symptomatic asthma patients in the UK. Thorax. 1997;52:612–617
- Bronchodilator treatment and deaths from asthma: case-control study. BMJ. 2005;330:117
- . Serevent nationwide surveillance study: comparison of salmeterol with salbutamol in asthmatic patients who require regular bronchodilator treatment. BMJ. 1993;306:1034–1037
- . Serious asthma exacerbations in asthmatics treated with high-dose formoterol. Chest. 2003;124:70–74
- . High-dose formoterol not associated with increased asthma exacerbations. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2005;2:A128
- Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER, Yancey SW, Dorinsky PM. The salmeterol multicenter asthma research trial (SMART): a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol. Chest; in press.
(Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Genentech, Inc. and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation)
Series editor: Harold S. Nelson, MD
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: H. Nelson has consultant arrangements with Rigels Pharmaceuticals, Protein Design Laboratories, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Dynavax Technologies, Altana Pharma US, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Astellas, Genentech/Novartis, Dey Laboratories, Curalogic, GlaxoSmithKline, Inflazyme Pharmaceuticals, Schering-Plough, and Air Pharma; has received grants from Dey Laboratories, Ivax, Rigel, Roche, Wyeth, Astellas, Altana, GlaxoSmithKline, Schering-Plough, Novartis, Medicinova, AstraZeneca, Epigenesis, Eli Lilly, and Sanofi-Aventis; and is on the speakers' bureau for GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Schering-Plough.
PII: S0091-6749(05)02268-2
doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.10.013
© 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 117, Issue 1
, Pages 3-16
, January 2006
