The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 112, Issue 2 , Pages 289-300 , August 2003

Pet-keeping in childhood and adult asthma and hay fever: European community respiratory health survey

Received 17 January 2003 ,Revised 23 March 2003 ,Accepted 4 April 2003.

References 

  1. Apelberg BJ, Aoki Y, Jaakkola JJ. Systematic review: exposure to pets and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107:455–460
  2. Noertjojo K, Dimich-Ward H, Obata H, Manfreda J, Chan-Yeung M. Exposure and sensitization to cat dander: asthma and asthma-like symptoms among adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103:60–65
  3. Svanes C, Jarvis D, Chinn S, Burney P. Childhood environment and adult atopy: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103:415–420
  4. Sunyer J, Anto JM, Kogevinas M, Barcelo MA, Soriano JB, Tobias A, et al.  Risk factors for asthma in young adults. Spanish Group of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:2490–2494
  5. Roost HP, Kunzli N, Schindler C, Jarvis D, Chinn S, Perruchoud AP, et al.  Role of current and childhood exposure to cat and atopic sensitization. European Community Respiratory Health Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;104:941–947
  6. Hesselmar B, Aberg N, Aberg B, Eriksson B, Bjorksten B. Does early exposure to cat or dog protect against later allergy development?. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999;29:611–617
  7. Nafstad P, Magnus P, Gaarder PI, Jaakkola JJ. Exposure to pets and atopy-related diseases in the first 4 years of life. Allergy. 2001;56:307–312
  8. Withers NJ, Low L, Holgate ST, Clough JB. The natural history of respiratory symptoms in a cohort of adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:352–357
  9. Perzanowski MS, Ronmark E, Platts-Mills TA, Lundback B. Effect of cat and dog ownership on sensitization and development of asthma among preteenage children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:696–702
  10. Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Peterson EL. Exposure to dogs and cats in the first year of life and risk of allergic sensitization at 6 to 7 years of age. JAMA. 2002;288:963–972
  11. Celedon JC, Litonjua AA, Ryan L, Platts-Mills T, Weiss ST, Gold DR. Exposure to cat allergen, maternal history of asthma, and wheezing in first 5 years of life. Lancet. 2002;360:781–782
  12. Litonjua AA, Milton DK, Celedon JC, Ryan L, Weiss ST, Gold DR. A longitudinal analysis of wheezing in young children: the independent effects of early life exposure to house dust endotoxin, allergens, and pets. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110:736–742
  13. Remes ST, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Holberg CJ, Martinez FD, Wright AL. Dog exposure in infancy decreases the subsequent risk of frequent wheeze but not of atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108:509–515
  14. Melsom T, Brinch L, Hessen JO, Schei MA, Kolstrup N, Jacobsen BK, et al.  Asthma and indoor environment in Nepal. Thorax. 2001;56:477–481
  15. Braun-Fahrlander C. The role of the farm environment and animal contact for the development of asthma and allergies. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001;31:1799–1803
  16. Sporik R, Platts-Mills TA. Allergen exposure and the development of asthma. Thorax. 2001;56(Suppl 2):ii58–ii63
  17. Pearce N, Douwes J, Beasley R. Is allergen exposure the major primary cause of asthma?. Thorax. 2000;55:424–431
  18. Prescott SL, Jones CA. Cord blood memory responses: are we being naive?. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001;31:1653–1656
  19. Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ. 1989;299:1259–1260
  20. Holt PG, Macaubas C, Prescott SL, Sly PD. Microbial stimulation as an aetiologic factor in atopic disease. Allergy. 1999;54(Suppl 49):12–16
  21. Martinez FD, Holt PG. Role of microbial burden in aetiology of allergy and asthma. Lancet. 1999;354(Suppl 2):SII12–SII15
  22. Matricardi PM, Rosmini F, Riondino S, Fortini M, Ferrigno L, Rapicetta M, et al.  Exposure to foodborne and orofecal microbes versus airborne viruses in relation to atopy and allergic asthma: epidemiological study. BMJ. 2000;320:412–417
  23. Custovic A, Hallam CL, Simpson BM, Craven M, Simpson A, Woodcock A. Decreased prevalence of sensitization to cats with high exposure to cat allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108:537–539
  24. Platts-Mills T, Vaughan J, Squillace S, Woodfolk J, Sporik R. Sensitization, asthma, and a modified Th2 response in children exposed to cat allergen: a population-based cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2001;357:752–756
  25. Douwes J, Pearce N, Heederik D. Does environmental endotoxin exposure prevent asthma?. Thorax. 2002;57:86–90
  26. Tan J. Human zoonotic infections transmitted by dogs and cats. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1933–1943
  27. Copperman SM. Cherchez le chien: household pets as reservoirs of persistent or recurrent streptococcal sore throats in children. N Y State J Med. 1982;82:1685–1687
  28. Baldini M, Vercelli D, Martinez FD. CD14: an example of gene by environment interaction in allergic disease. Allergy. 2002;57:188–192
  29. Burney PG, Luczynska C, Chinn S, Jarvis D. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Eur Respir J. 1994;7:954–960
  30. Burney P, Malmberg E, Chinn S, Jarvis D, Luczynska C, Lai E. The distribution of total and specific serum IgE in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99:314–322
  31. Classification of occupations. London: Office of population censuses and surveys. HMSO. 1980;
  32. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177–188
  33. Stata Statistical Software, Release 7.0. College Station (TX): Stata Corporation.
  34. Anyo G, Brunekreef B, de Meer G, Aarts F, Janssen NA, van Vliet P. Early, current and past pet ownership: associations with sensitization, bronchial responsiveness and allergic symptoms in school children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002;32:361–366
  35. AVMA guidelines for responding to clients with special needs. AVMA Committee on the Human-Animal Bond. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1995;206:961–976
  36. Braback L, Kjellman NI, Sandin A, Bjorksten B. Atopy among schoolchildren in northern and southern Sweden in relation to pet ownership and early life events. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2001;12:4–10
  37. Henriksen AH, Holmen TL, Bjermer L. Sensitization and exposure to pet allergens in asthmatics versus non-asthmatics with allergic rhinitis. Respir Med. 2001;95:122–129
  38. Gehring U, Heinrich J, Jacob B, Richter K, Fahlbusch B, Schlenvoigt G, et al.  Respiratory symptoms in relation to indoor exposure to mite and cat allergens and endotoxins. Indoor Factors and Genetics in Asthma (INGA) Study Group. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:555–563
  39. Hölscher B. Exposure to pets and allergies in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2002;13:
  40. Heinrich J, Gehring U, Douwes J, Koch A, Fahlbusch B, Bischof W, et al.  Pets and vermin are associated with high endotoxin levels in house dust. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001;31:1839–1845
  41. Braun-Fahrlander C, Riedler J, Herz U, Eder W, Waser M, Grize L, et al.  Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in school-age children. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:869–877
  42. Gehring U, Bischof W, Fahlbusch B, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J. House dust endotoxin and allergic sensitization in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:939–944
  43. Buijs J, Egbers MW, Lokhorst WH, Savelkoul HF, Nijkamp FP. Toxocara-induced eosinophilic inflammation. Airway function and effect of anti-IL-5. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151:873–878
  44. Chan PW, Anuar AK, Fong MY, Debruyne JA, Ibrahim J. Toxocara seroprevalence and childhood asthma among Malaysian children. Pediatr Int. 2001;43:350–353
  45. Radon K, Danuser B, Iversen M, Jorres R, Monso E, Opravil U, et al.  Respiratory symptoms in European animal farmers. Eur Respir J. 2001;17:747–754
  46. Rees D, Nelson G, Kielkowski D, Wasserfall C, da Costa A. Respiratory health and immunological profile of poultry workers. S Afr Med J. 1998;88:1110–1117
  47. Wahn U, Lau S, Bergmann R, Kulig M, Forster J, Bergmann K, et al.  Indoor allergen exposure is a risk factor for sensitization during the first three years of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99:763–769
  48. Tariq SM, Matthews SM, Hakim EA, Stevens M, Arshad SH, Hide DW. The prevalence of and risk factors for atopy in early childhood: a whole population birth cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998;101:587–593
  49. Lau S, Illi S, Sommerfeld C, Niggemann B, Bergmann R, von Mutius E, et al.  Early exposure to house-dust mite and cat allergens and development of childhood asthma: a cohort study. Multicentre Allergy Study Group. Lancet. 2000;356:1392–1397
  50. Hesselmar B, Aberg B, Eriksson B, Aberg N. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and sensitization in two areas with differing climates. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2001;12:208–215
  51. Ronmark E, Jonsson E, Platts-Mills T, Lundback B. Incidence and remission of asthma in schoolchildren: report from the obstructive lung disease in northern Sweden studies. Pediatrics. 2001;107:E37

☆ The coordination of this work was supported by the European Commission. The following grants helped to fund the local studies: Australia: Allen and Hanbury's, Australia. Belgium: Belgian Science Policy Office, National Fund for Scientific Research. France: Ministère de la Santé, Glaxo France, Institut Pneumologique d'Aquitaine, Contrat de Plan Etat-Région Languedoc-Rousillon, CNMATS, CNMRT (90MR/10, 91AF/6), Ministre delegué de la santé, RNSP. Germany: GSF, and the Bundesminister für Forschung und Technologie, Bonn. Greece: The Greek Secretary General of Research and Technology, Fisons, Astra, and Boehringer-Ingelheim. India: Bombay Hospital Trust. Italy: Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, CNR, Regione Veneto grant RSF n. 381/05.93. New Zealand: Asthma Foundation of New Zealand, Lotteries Grant Board, Health Research Council of New Zealand. Norway: Norwegian Research Council project no. 101422/310. Portugal: Glaxo Farmacêutica Lda, Sandoz Portugesa. Spain: Ministero Sanidad y Consumo FIS grants #91/0016060/00E-05E and #93/0393, and grants from Hospital General de Albacete, Hospital General Juan Ramón Jiménenz, Consejeria de Sanidad Principado de Asturias. Sweden: The Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, the Swedish Association against Asthma and Allergy. Switzerland: Swiss national Science Foundation grant 4026-28099 and PROSPER 32-48922.96 (NK). United Kingdom: National Asthma Campaign, British Lung Foundation, Department of Health, South Thames Regional Health Authority. United States: United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare Public Health Service grant no. 2 S07 RR05521-28.

☆☆ Reprint requests: Cecilie Svanes, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Haraldsplass Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway.

PII: S0091-6749(03)01462-3

doi: 10.1067/mai.2003.1596

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume 112, Issue 2 , Pages 289-300 , August 2003

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution